< img tsawo = "1" nisa = "1" style = "nuna: babu" src = "https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=246923367957190&ev=PageView&noscript=1" /> Labarai - Masana'antar Sassan Motoci ta Thailand: Ci gaba a koyaushe!
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Masana'antar Sassan Motoci ta Thailand: Ci gaba a koyaushe!

Tailandia wani muhimmin tushe ne na kera motoci a duniya, wanda ke nuni da cewa yawan motocin da ake kera a Thailand a duk shekara ya kai motoci miliyan 1.9, mafi girma a ASEAN; Mafi mahimmanci, a cikin 2022, jimillar ƙimar masana'antar kera motoci ta Thailand zuwa ketare ya kai baht tiriliyan 1.31, ƙaruwar 8.2%, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 12.3% na GDP; Kimar fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen waje ita ce mafi girma a ASEAN kuma tana matsayi na 14 a duniya, kuma darajar tayoyin mota zuwa kasashen waje ya kai matsayi na biyu a duniya. Ana iya cewa masana'antar kera kayan kera motoci ta inganta kasar Thailand ta zama cibiyar samar da motoci ta zamani.

ainihin halin da ake ciki

Tun daga shekarar 1963, gwamnatin Thailand ta ci gaba da bunkasa masana'antar kera motoci. Da farko, sassan gwamnatin Thailand sun mayar da hankali kan bullo da matakan tallafawa zuba jari a cikin samarwa da amfani da sassan motoci na cikin gida, musamman karin harajin shigo da kayayyaki a kan cikakkun motocin (Cikakken Gina: CBU) da kuma cika-karshe (Kammala Knock-Down: CKD). Bayan haka, Hukumar Kula da Zuba Jari (BOI) ta fitar da matakan kamar keɓe harajin kuɗin shiga na kamfanoni da keɓancewar harajin shigo da injuna don jawo hankalin masu saka hannun jari na ƙasashen waje don kafa sansanonin samarwa a Thailand.

Bugu da kari, gwamnatin Thailand ta kuma kayyade rabon kayayyakin mota da aka kera a cikin gida da ake amfani da su wajen kera motoci (bukatun abun ciki na gida: LCR). An soke wannan bukatu, amma adadin sassan da aka kera a cikin gida a cikin jimillar kimar motocin da ake amfani da su wajen kera motocin fasinja na Thai har yanzu ya kai 60-80%; Motoci masu dacewa da muhalli da manyan motocin daukar kaya sun kai kashi 90%, kuma babura na amfani da kusan dukkan sassan da ake samarwa a cikin gida. A halin yanzu, yarjejeniyoyin ciniki cikin 'yanci na Thailand tare da wasu ƙasashe kamar ASEAN Yarjejeniyar Ciniki Kyauta (AFTA), Yarjejeniyar Haɗin gwiwar Tattalin Arzikin Tattalin Arziki na Tailandia da Japan (JTEPA), da Tailandia da Ostiraliya Yarjejeniyar ciniki cikin 'yanci (TAFTA) sun haifar da raguwar CBU kuma Ana shigo da CKD tare da ƙimar kuɗin fito mafi girma.

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Masu zuba jari na Thai da na kasashen waje suna ci gaba da saka hannun jari a masana'antar sassan motoci a Thailand. Muhimman kamfanoni na cikin gida da haɗin gwiwa a Thailand sun haɗa da Thai Summit Auto Parts Co., Ltd., Sammitr Auto Parts Co., Ltd., Somboon Advance Technology Plc., Thai Auto Pressparts Co., Ltd., da dai sauransu. waɗanda suka kafa sansanonin samarwa a Thailand sun haɗa da Bosch, Denso, Magna, Continental, ZF, da Aisin Seiki. Daga cikin mahimman samfuran sune:

1) Rukunin sassa na roba:

Dogaro da samar da albarkatun roba na cikin gida a cikin Tailandia, irin su hoses, belts, firam ɗin fiberglass, tayoyin mota da sauran samfuran da ke buƙatar fasahar samar da babban matakin;

2) Powertrain da injin sassa:

Daga cikin su, tsarin samar da kayayyaki yana da rikitarwa kuma darajar ta wuce 1/3 na farashin kera motocin konewa na ciki (ICE). Har ila yau, ƙungiyar da gwamnatin Thailand ke inganta samar da kayayyaki a cikin dukkanin sassan samar da kayayyaki, irin su radiators, bututun mai, tsarin samar da man fetur, tankunan mai, tsarin wuta, kayan aiki, da dai sauransu;

3) Motocin lantarki:

Gwamnatin Thailand na inganta zuba jarin motocin lantarki a cikin nau'i na kunshin, don haka masu kera motoci sannu a hankali suna neman saka hannun jari don inganta samar da motocin lantarki da sassa a Thailand. Batura, musamman, sun kai kashi 30% na farashin motocin lantarki.

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Samfura da tsarin fitarwa

Masana'antar kera kayan kera motoci ta Thailand galibi sun dogara ne kan kasuwar cikin gida, tare da lissafin tallace-tallace na 60-70%, zuwa ga hadawar abin hawa (masu kera kayan aikin OEM na asali) da maye gurbin sassan motoci (masu kera kayan maye REM).

OEM: 30-40% na jimlar ƙimar fitarwa na kasuwar sassan Thailand

Fadada tare da haɓakar haɓakar kera motoci, sama da 80% waɗanda ana samarwa a cikin gida a Thailand, sauran kuma suna buƙatar samfuran fasaha na ci gaba daga kamfanin iyaye ko masu siyar da kamfani na iyaye na ketare, kamar kayan lantarki (chips microcontroller: MCU) don sarrafa motoci. tsarin da aka shigo da su daga Japan, da sassan injin konewa na ciki da sassan motocin lantarki da aka shigo da su daga China.

REM: 60-70% na jimlar ƙimar kasuwar sassan cikin gida ta Thailand

Kasuwar REM tana girma a cikin hanya ɗaya da adadin adadin motocin da aka yiwa rajista, ya danganta da lokacin amfani da buƙatun kayan maye (kayan gyara). REM tana da tashoshi iri-iri na rarrabawa, gami da dillalai/cibiyoyin gyaran gyare-gyaren mota, jigilar kayayyaki na motoci da shagunan sayar da kayayyaki, da shagunan gyara gabaɗaya. Dangane da darajar sassan da aka shigo da su, REM tana da kashi 10-20% na jimillar adadin kayan da aka shigo da su, galibi ana shigo da su daga Japan (wanda ke lissafin kashi 43% na jimillar sassan REM da aka shigo da su), da kuma Sin (17). %) da Amurka (8%).

Abubuwan fitar da sassan suna lissafin 30-40% na jimlar kudaden shiga na masana'antar masana'anta, wanda sassan OEM ke lissafin 80-85% na jimlar fitarwa da sassan REM ke lissafin 15-20%. Babban sassan da Thailand ke fitarwa sune injuna, kayan aikin waya, jikin mutum, madubai, na'urori, tayoyi da sassan roba.

Ana ɗaukar Tailandia a matsayin ƙasa mai fa'ida sosai a fagen kera motoci a duniya. Yana amfani da sarƙoƙi na samarwa don cimma tattalin arziƙin sikeli kuma ana gane ingancin sassan da masana'antun kera motoci ke samarwa. Bugu da ƙari, Tailandia kuma tana da fa'ida a wurin samar da sassa, yana mai da ita muhimmin tushen samar da sassa a duniya. A cikin 2021, fitar da sassa na Thailand (duk iri) sun kasance mafi girma a cikin ASEAN kuma suna matsayi na 14 a duniya. Manyan sassan da aka fitar da su sun hada da tayoyin mota (na biyu a duniya), sauran sassan babur (ban da injina da tayoyin mota) (masu matsayi na 3), injina (mai matsayi na 13) da sauran sassan mota (ban da injuna da tayoyi) (mai matsayi na 15). Yawancin sassan motoci na Tailandia ana fitar da su ne zuwa sansanonin kera motoci na ASEAN, wato Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam da Philippines, wadanda ke da kashi 22% na jimillar kayayyakin da ake fitarwa, sai Amurka (22%) da Japan (9%). ).

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Lokacin aikawa: Juni-14-2024